Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Name shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Name offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Name at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Name? Wrong! If the Name is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Name then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Name? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Name and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Name wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Name then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Name site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Name, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Name, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
A
name (
etymology: from
Old English nama; akin to Old High German
namo, Latin
nomen, and Greek
όνομα, ultimately from
proto-Indo-European language: *nomn- ) is a label for a human, object (philosophy), place,
product (business) (as in a
brand name) and even an
idea or
concept, normally used to distinguish one from another. Names can identify a
class (set theory) or Category (mathematics) of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given wiktionary:context. A personal name identifies a
specific unique and identifiable individual person. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes, more loosely, called names; an older term for them, now obsolete, is "
general name".
The use of personal names is not unique to humans.
Dolphins also use symbolic names, as has been shown by recent research. Individual dolphins have individual whistles, to which they will respond even when there is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to.
Naming is the process of assigning a particular word or phrase to a particular object or property. This can be quite deliberate or a natural process that occurs in the flow of life as some
phenomenon comes to the
attention of the users of a language. Many new words or phrases come into existence during translation as attempts are made to express concepts from one language in another.
Either as a part of the naming process, or later as word usage is observed and studied by
lexicography, the word can be defined by a description of the pattern to which it refers.
Besides their
grammatical function, names can have additional or pure honorary and memorial values. For example, the posthumous name's primary function is commemorative.
Care must be taken in translation, for there are ways that one language may prefer one type of name over another. For example, there are "merchants' and sailors' terms" for their own convenience: the spellings Leghorn,
Genoa, and Rome do not appear on Italian maps. Also, a feudal naming habit is used sometimes in other languages: the French often refer to
Aristotle as "le Stagirite" from one spelling of his place of birth. Finally, claims to preference or authority can be refuted: the British did not refer to Louis-Napoleon as Napoleon III during his rule.
Philosophical accounts of names
Proper names function the same way as common nouns do in many natural languages. Philosophers have thus often treated the two as similar in meaning. In the late nineteenth century,
Frege argued that certain puzzling features of both names and nouns could be resolved if we recognized two aspects to the meaning of a name (and, by extension, other nouns): a
sense, which is equivalent to some sort of description, and a
referent, the thing or things that meet that description. So the sense of
dog might be "domestic canine mammal", and the referent would be all the dogs in this world. Proper names would then be special cases of nouns with only one referent: the sense of
Aristotle might be, "the author of
de Caelo", while its referent would be the one person, Aristotle himself. (See sense and reference.)
Bertrand Russell rejected Frege's position, and claimed instead that
true names must never be equivalent to a description. However, he conceded that most of the apparent "names" in English really were equivalent to descriptions, specifically to definite descriptions. (These are descriptions which contain the claim that they apply to only one object: see
Theory of descriptions.) If there were any real names they probably were more like "this" and "that". This position is perhaps more fairly glossed as the view that there are two different functions nouns can serve: (1) describing (and perhaps indirectly referring); and (2) referring (directly, without description); and that all or almost all English names really do the former. This position came to be known as
Descriptivism with respect to singular terms, and was prominent through much of twentieth-century analytic philosophy.
In 1970 Saul Kripke gave a series of lectures arguing against Descriptivism, and holding, among other things, that names are
rigid designators--expressions that refer to their objects independently of any properties those objects have. Of course, we must often use descriptions to
pick out our references--to explain to others which object we are talking about, by reference to some property we both agree it bears; but it does not follow that any of these properties constitute the meaning of the
name.
Kripke's work led to the development of various versions of the
Causal theory of reference, which in various forms claims that our words mean what they do, not because of descriptions we associate with them, but because of the causal history of our acquisition of that name in our vocabulary.
Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
In Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet says (speaking about Romeo, because of the tension between their families),'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet;Many people think Shakespeare is revealing the boundaries of the term name here.They think he proposes that a rose would still be a rose; in other words, the name does not matter. They also think, at the same time he is showing us the importance of names, as for one thing - the names are what the plot is about.Most commentators argue that what Shakespeare is really trying to say is, "I could love you if your last name was not what it is." This is a common misconception.
Whitman's Mannahatta
In the first
three lines of Walt Whitman poem,
Mannahatta, Whitman conveys a large amount of information about names.
I was asking for something specific and perfect for my city,
Whereupon, lo! upsprang the aboriginal name!
Now I see what there is in a name, a word, liquid, sane, unruly, musical, self-sufficient;
Here, Whitman is saying that the name Mannahatta (or,
Manhattan) is the perfect name for such a city, because it is so descriptive of its true essence. Whitman shows the importance and effect of proper naming.
Names in religious thought
Judaism
Names are attributed added significance in traditional Jewish sources.
Biblical names
In the Old Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful; for example, Adam is named after the "earth" (Adama) from which he was created. (Genesis 2)
A change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch "Abram" is renamed "Abraham" before he is blessed with children. His wife, "Sarai" is similarly renamed "Sarah." (Genesis 17)
Talmudic attitudes
The Babylonian Talmud maintains that names exert an influence over their bearers:From where do we know that a name has a causal effect ("shama garim"). Says Rabbi Elazar: the verse says, (Psalms 46:9) "Go see the works of God, who puts desolation (shamot) in the earth." Read not "desolation" but "names" (shemot). (B.T. Berachot 7b)
Furthermore, a change of name is one of four actions that can avert an evil heavenly decree. (B.T. Rosh Hashana 16b)
Commentators differ as to whether this influence is metaphysical - a connection between name and essence - or psychological. (See Meiri, Ritva to B.T. Rosh Hashana 16b)
Talmudic sage, Rabbi Meir, would infer a person's nature from his or her name. The Talmud also states that all those who descend to
Gehennom will rise, except for three, including he who calls another by a derisive
nickname. (B.T. Yoma 83b; J.T. Rosh Hashana 3:9; B.T. Yoma 38a; B.T. Bava Metzia 58a)
Technical names for names
A human name is an
anthroponym; a toponym is a place name;
hydronym is a name of a body of water; an
ethnonym is name of an
ethnic group. For more, see
-onym#A list of -onym words. There are also false names, such as monikers, pseudonyms, and pen names, the latter usually used only in writing.
Naming convention
For Wikipedia's own naming conventions see Wikipedia:Naming conventions
A
naming convention is an attempt to systematize names in a field so they unambiguously convey similar information in a similar manner.
Several major naming conventions include:
Naming conventions are useful in many aspects of everyday life, enabling the casual user to understand larger structures.
Street names within a city may follow a naming convention; some examples include:
- In Manhattan, roads that go across the island (East-West) are called "Streets", while those that run the length of the island (North-South) are called "Avenues". Manhattan streets and avenues are numbered, with "1st Street" being near the southern end of the island, and "219th Street" being near the northern end, while "1st Avenue" is near the eastern edge of the island and "12th Avenue" near the western edge.
- In Ontario, numbered concession (contract) roads are East-West whereas "lines" are North-South routes.
- In San Francisco at least three series of parallel streets are alphabetically named, e.g. Irving, Judah, Kirkham, Lawton, Moraga, Noriega, Ortega, Pacheco, Quintara, Rivera, Santiago, Taraval, Ulloa, Vicente, Wawona.
- The same tendency is seen in central Boston, Massachusetts, where Arlington Street is followed by roads to the west running parallel to it and named Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, Exeter, Fairfield, Gloucester, and Hereford.
- In Brampton, Ontario, different sections of town all have streets starting with the same letter and the alphabetical order reflects chronology.
- In Phoenix, Arizona, roads east of Central Avenue are termed streets while those west are Avenues.
Large corporate, university, or government campuses may follow a naming convention for rooms within the buildings to help orient tenants and visitors.
Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures, it is common for one syllable in a two syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence.
Roman naming convention denotes social rank.
Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g.,
Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, after the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.
Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.
Many numbers (e.g. bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, List of space shuttle missions, even phone numbers all have an internal convention.
Brand names
The process of developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and
marketing strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name is often a neologism or pseudoword.
See also
Notes
A
name (etymology: from
Old English nama; akin to Old High German
namo, Latin nomen, and Greek
όνομα, ultimately from proto-Indo-European language: *nomn- ) is a label for a human, object (philosophy),
place,
product (business) (as in a brand name) and even an
idea or concept, normally used to distinguish one from another. Names can identify a class (set theory) or Category (mathematics) of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given
wiktionary:context. A
personal name identifies a
specific unique and identifiable individual person. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a
proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is a
proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes, more loosely, called names; an older term for them, now obsolete, is "
general name".
The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins also use symbolic names, as has been shown by recent research. Individual dolphins have individual whistles, to which they will respond even when there is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to.
Naming is the process of assigning a particular word or
phrase to a particular object or property. This can be quite deliberate or a natural process that occurs in the flow of life as some
phenomenon comes to the attention of the users of a
language. Many new words or phrases come into existence during translation as attempts are made to express
concepts from one language in another.
Either as a part of the naming process, or later as
word usage is observed and studied by lexicography, the word can be defined by a description of the
pattern to which it refers.
Besides their
grammatical function, names can have additional or pure honorary and memorial values. For example, the
posthumous name's primary function is commemorative.
Care must be taken in translation, for there are ways that one language may prefer one type of name over another. For example, there are "merchants' and sailors' terms" for their own convenience: the spellings
Leghorn, Genoa, and
Rome do not appear on Italian maps. Also, a feudal naming habit is used sometimes in other languages: the French often refer to
Aristotle as "le Stagirite" from one spelling of his place of birth. Finally, claims to preference or authority can be refuted: the British did not refer to Louis-Napoleon as Napoleon III during his rule.
Philosophical accounts of names
Proper names function the same way as common nouns do in many natural languages. Philosophers have thus often treated the two as similar in meaning. In the late nineteenth century, Frege argued that certain puzzling features of both names and nouns could be resolved if we recognized two aspects to the meaning of a name (and, by extension, other nouns): a
sense, which is equivalent to some sort of description, and a
referent, the thing or things that meet that description. So the sense of
dog might be "domestic canine mammal", and the referent would be all the dogs in this world. Proper names would then be special cases of nouns with only one referent: the sense of
Aristotle might be, "the author of
de Caelo", while its referent would be the one person, Aristotle himself. (See
sense and reference.)
Bertrand Russell rejected Frege's position, and claimed instead that
true names must never be equivalent to a description. However, he conceded that most of the apparent "names" in English really were equivalent to descriptions, specifically to definite descriptions. (These are descriptions which contain the claim that they apply to only one object: see Theory of descriptions.) If there were any real names they probably were more like "this" and "that". This position is perhaps more fairly glossed as the view that there are two different functions nouns can serve: (1) describing (and perhaps indirectly referring); and (2) referring (directly, without description); and that all or almost all English names really do the former. This position came to be known as
Descriptivism with respect to singular terms, and was prominent through much of twentieth-century
analytic philosophy.
In 1970
Saul Kripke gave a series of lectures arguing against Descriptivism, and holding, among other things, that names are rigid designators--expressions that refer to their objects independently of any properties those objects have. Of course, we must often use descriptions to
pick out our references--to explain to others which object we are talking about, by reference to some property we both agree it bears; but it does not follow that any of these properties constitute the meaning of the
name.
Kripke's work led to the development of various versions of the Causal theory of reference, which in various forms claims that our words mean what they do, not because of descriptions we associate with them, but because of the causal history of our acquisition of that name in our vocabulary.
Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
In Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet says (speaking about Romeo, because of the tension between their families),'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet;Many people think Shakespeare is revealing the boundaries of the term name here.They think he proposes that a rose would still be a rose; in other words, the name does not matter. They also think, at the same time he is showing us the importance of names, as for one thing - the names are what the plot is about.Most commentators argue that what Shakespeare is really trying to say is, "I could love you if your last name was not what it is." This is a common misconception.
Whitman's Mannahatta
In the first
three lines of Walt Whitman poem,
Mannahatta, Whitman conveys a large amount of information about names.
I was asking for something specific and perfect for my city,
Whereupon, lo! upsprang the aboriginal name!
Now I see what there is in a name, a word, liquid, sane, unruly, musical, self-sufficient;
Here, Whitman is saying that the name Mannahatta (or, Manhattan) is the perfect name for such a city, because it is so descriptive of its true essence. Whitman shows the importance and effect of proper naming.
Names in religious thought
Judaism
Names are attributed added significance in traditional Jewish sources.
Biblical names
In the Old Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful; for example, Adam is named after the "earth" (Adama) from which he was created. (Genesis 2)
A change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch "Abram" is renamed "Abraham" before he is blessed with children. His wife, "Sarai" is similarly renamed "Sarah." (Genesis 17)
Talmudic attitudes
The
Babylonian Talmud maintains that names exert an influence over their bearers:From where do we know that a name has a causal effect ("shama garim"). Says Rabbi Elazar: the verse says, (Psalms 46:9) "Go see the works of God, who puts desolation (shamot) in the earth." Read not "desolation" but "names" (shemot). (B.T. Berachot 7b)
Furthermore, a change of name is one of four actions that can avert an evil heavenly decree. (B.T. Rosh Hashana 16b)
Commentators differ as to whether this influence is metaphysical - a connection between name and essence - or psychological. (See Meiri,
Ritva to B.T. Rosh Hashana 16b)
Talmudic sage,
Rabbi Meir, would infer a person's nature from his or her name. The Talmud also states that all those who descend to Gehennom will rise, except for three, including he who calls another by a derisive nickname. (B.T. Yoma 83b; J.T. Rosh Hashana 3:9; B.T. Yoma 38a; B.T. Bava Metzia 58a)
Technical names for names
A human name is an
anthroponym; a
toponym is a place name; hydronym is a name of a body of water; an ethnonym is name of an ethnic group. For more, see
-onym#A list of -onym words. There are also false names, such as monikers,
pseudonyms, and
pen names, the latter usually used only in writing.
Naming convention
For Wikipedia's own naming conventions see Wikipedia:Naming conventions
A
naming convention is an attempt to systematize names in a field so they unambiguously convey similar information in a similar manner.
Several major naming conventions include:
Naming conventions are useful in many aspects of everyday life, enabling the casual user to understand larger structures.
Street names within a city may follow a naming convention; some examples include:
- In Manhattan, roads that go across the island (East-West) are called "Streets", while those that run the length of the island (North-South) are called "Avenues". Manhattan streets and avenues are numbered, with "1st Street" being near the southern end of the island, and "219th Street" being near the northern end, while "1st Avenue" is near the eastern edge of the island and "12th Avenue" near the western edge.
- In Ontario, numbered concession (contract) roads are East-West whereas "lines" are North-South routes.
- In San Francisco at least three series of parallel streets are alphabetically named, e.g. Irving, Judah, Kirkham, Lawton, Moraga, Noriega, Ortega, Pacheco, Quintara, Rivera, Santiago, Taraval, Ulloa, Vicente, Wawona.
- The same tendency is seen in central Boston, Massachusetts, where Arlington Street is followed by roads to the west running parallel to it and named Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, Exeter, Fairfield, Gloucester, and Hereford.
- In Brampton, Ontario, different sections of town all have streets starting with the same letter and the alphabetical order reflects chronology.
- In Phoenix, Arizona, roads east of Central Avenue are termed streets while those west are Avenues.
Large corporate, university, or government campuses may follow a naming convention for rooms within the buildings to help orient tenants and visitors.
Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures, it is common for one syllable in a two syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence. Roman naming convention denotes social rank.
Products may follow a naming convention.
Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007
Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT
Platinum, after the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.
Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.
Many numbers (e.g. bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, List of space shuttle missions, even
phone numbers all have an internal convention.
Brand names
The process of developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by
marketing research and
marketing strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name is often a neologism or
pseudoword.
See also
Notes
Domain Names and Hosting: Domain Names, Hosting, Dedicated Server ...
Offers a domain name registration service, virtual and dedicated server hosting with access to MySQL, PHP, ASP and Frontpage extensions, and e-commerce support.
Domain Names: Domain Names, Hosting, Dedicated Server Solutions and ...
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National Association Of Music Educators Name
The Names Project
Website for the Names project. ... The Names Project. The project is going to scope the requirements of UK institutional and subject repositories for a service that will reliably ...
National Statistics Online - Top 100 names for baby boys in England ...
2003: 2004: 2005: 2006: 2007: 1: jack: jack: jack: jack: jack: 2: joshua: joshua: joshua: thomas: thomas: 3: thomas: thomas: thomas: joshua: oliver: 4: james: james: james: oliver ...
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National Association Of Music Educators Name
Resources, News, Discussions aimed at Music Education Professionals
Name Labels - School Name Labels - Back to School Labels
Name Labels and School Name Labels Online. Same Day 1st Class Despatch as standard (Mon-Fri) ... THE PRICE YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU PAY FOR YOUR NAME LABELS, LASER LABELS AND INKJET ...
Dog Names
Choose a Name for your dog or puppy from our extensive list ... Choose a name ! Our Friends. Puppy Names, Dog Names and all your pet names
Guild of One-Name Studies
Umbrella group for one-name study organisations based at the Society of Genealogists in London. Site gives details of publications and activities of the organization.
